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Chinese Names


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Mar. 29, 2015

Listen Online:

对话:

金金:大家好,欢迎来到 Talk about China,聊聊中国,我是金金。

Jency:我是孙彧Jency。

金金:那我们今天,Jency,我们今天的话题呢就是在于这个名字对不对,那中国人的名字呢,我知道,是很有意思的。比方说我的名字叫金金,然后呢其实很多的朋友都会对我的名字,听到我的名字之后都会有,很,一个问题就是,这是你的大名吗,还是你的小名?

Jency:Yes,大名 is actually full name in our Chinese language, and 小名 is actually your nickname or your given name. En but…

金金:为什么呢?是因为在我的名字中,金金是两个相同的字,而一般来说,在中国人的姓名里面,不会出现两个字是相同的,同时又是大名。

Jency:不错,除此之外,我还听说过,有的孩子叫甜甜。

金金:对,这样听起来的话呢就觉得这个名字非常的有意思,因为甜甜是sweet的意思。

Jency:不错,而且这样听起来也非常亲近。当称呼一个人的大名的时候呢,如果他的姓和他的名是重叠的,那么给人们,给人家的感觉就是在称呼其小名一样,但实际上是两个分别的字,一个表示your family name and another one is your given name.

金金:没错。那,而且呢,我想我们的汉语名字里面也是非常有意思的,因为在很早很早以前呢,那可能是几千年以前,我们是没有名字的。那我们是从什么时候开始有了姓呢?那就是在远古时期的母系氏族社会。

Jency:是的,人类以前的社会呢全都是母系氏族社会,只知有母,不知有父。

金金:意思是只知道自己的母亲是谁,不知道父亲是谁。所以说在中国的汉字里,姓这个字是由女和生来组成的,就说明最早的姓是跟母亲的姓。

Jency:但是时至今日呢,随着时代的变迁,男性呢在社会中占主要的主导地位,因此呢现在的孩子都是和爸爸姓的。不仅如此,在台湾……

金金:在台湾呢,很多的女性朋友在结婚以后也要被冠上夫姓,对吗?

Jency:是的。比如说陈冯富珍最近她刚刚荣幸担任了世界卫生组织的总干事,这是我们中国人的骄傲,但是她的名字陈冯富珍,她的本名是冯富珍,然而呢,她嫁给一个姓陈的人,所以呢,她的名字叫陈冯富珍。

金金:没错。那除此之外呢,还有现在很,越来越多的人在给孩子起名字的时候,那女方呢就会觉得很不公平:为什么孩子是我生的,但是却要姓你的姓呢?所以说很多时候,他们给孩子起名为两父母双方的姓。比方说,我的爸爸姓张,我的妈妈姓金,那很久以前呢他们希望我可以叫做张金。

Jency:不错。我还有一个朋友,她的名字叫徐那,这个名字听起来没有什么特别,但是如果你仔细地调查一下,就会发现,事实上,她的爸爸姓徐,她的妈妈姓那,所以她叫徐那。

金金:没错,那呢不是一个非常普通的姓,那是一个满族的姓,少数名族的姓。那由此我们也可以看出中国有五十六个民族,在少数民族里,有很多不同的姓。在汉族的姓呢一般是以赵钱孙李,周吴郑王这样子来排序的。那每一个在排序越靠前呢排名越靠前就说明,这个家族的,姓这个名姓的人越多,那么但是不包括少数民族。因为少数民族有的时候非常有意思,比方说他们会有像西门、东郭这样的一些复姓。那有的时候呢我知道还有一位很有名的,在中国很有名的少数民族她叫杨二车娜姆,那对他们来说,她的姓呢就不是杨,而是杨二车,然后娜姆是她的名字,那她的姓呢就是杨二车。

Jency:嗯,我也有一个朋友,她的名字叫做呼延丽坤,呃,那么呼延呢就是她的姓,丽坤呢就是她的名字。还有一个朋友叫做张书显圣,但是这是一个比较特殊不常见的名字,因为事实上她的姓是张,但是她的名字是三个字,叫书显圣。

金金:对。听到这里您可能会觉得,哎呀中国人的名字真的是很麻烦呀!那其实啊,咱们中国人现在的名字已经简单很多了,古代中国人的姓名比现代人的要更复杂。

Jency:是的,古代人呢,除了姓名以外呢,还有字和号。

金金:那如唐代诗人李白,在幼年时期居住在四川的青莲乡,那他呢就给自己取了一个号,叫“青莲居士”。那另外呢,中国人的名字往往会含有一定的含义,表示一定的愿望。那比方说,那很多的,我有一些朋友,他们的名字呢叫做海啸,那海笑呢是一个,意思是……

Jency:非常的浩瀚,非常的勇敢。

金金:对,没错。那说,起这个名字的时候他的父母呢就是希望他可以长大以后成为一名勇士。那还有的时候呢,他的名字,父母给孩子起的名字中会包含着出生时的地点,时间或者是自然现象。

Jency:比如说,我有一位小学的同学,他的名字叫王秋月。是的,她是在八月十五,阴历八月十五,也就是中国传统的……

金金:团圆的节日——中秋节。

Jency:是的,中秋佳节,因此她的名字叫做王秋月。

金金:嗯,那除此之外呢,那有的人的名字还表示着具有某种美德。那比方说,忠、义、礼、信是我们中国人所信奉的四种传统的美德,所以说可以听到很多的人叫传忠,张传忠。那比方说我们有一位同事呢叫做钟传水,那也是非常有意思的一个名字,非常的好听。还有的名字呢会表示了像希望健康,比方说金锁,那还有呢汉字呢有很多的这种多义性啊,还有隐喻性,还有同音异义性的这种特点。那比方说《红楼梦》是非常有名的一本书,那在这里面呢就有他们的四位小姐啊,叫元春、迎春、探春及惜春,那就是非常有意思的名字。那其实除了这些之外呢,那在不同的时代也会出现不同的有特点的名字。比方说,刚刚建国,中华人民共和国刚刚建国的时候,很多的人都会叫爱国、拥军。

Jency:是的,我的小姨夫就叫做林爱国。

金金:对。而且有非常非常多的人可能他们有不同的姓,但他们都叫爱国,拥军,或者是(Jency:爱民)爱民,对,嗯!嗯,非常好。那很多人就有这种跨时代的这种意义的名字。那在改革开放以后,也就是说八零年左右的时候,大家开始希望更快地变得富裕起来,所以就很,有很多的这种名字啊,叫做……

Jency:比如说我爸爸的一位同事他叫赵富有。

金金:还有的朋友可能会叫做富贵啊,或者说,当然没有人叫爱钱哦,这个名字有点不太好。

Jency:对了,大家是否还记得Joain的名字叫做金金,就是很有钱的意思。金actually means gold in Chinese.

金金:嗯,其实这个意思呢,是我父母希望我可以像金子一样来闪闪发光,虽然我现在还没有做到,但是我会努力的。那就好。还有的朋友呢因为现在这个,近来呢,这个国家某部委已经说了,那比方说为了方便计算机的输入和这种信息处理的需要,那需要把这个名字出台一种规则,因为现在有很多的人用很多的生僻字来做他们的名字,所以说呢一般人都不认得这个字,那就会出现很多的问题。那你比方说孙彧的彧字呢,那如果不是她告诉我的话呢,我可能会念做孙或。

Jency:是的,的确会有这样的疑问。因为,因为我的这个彧字比较难写,它的形状看似是中国汉字中的或字,所以从小到大我有好多名字是被人们叫错的,比如说,有人叫我孙龙,孙或,孙邈,孙成,但是第一次就能辨别出彧字的人还是比较少的。然而呢,如果你是这样的一位外国朋友,如果你已经习读过中国的《三国》呢,你会发现其中有一位军事家是为曹操供职的,他非常的伟大,他的名字叫旬彧,他的彧就是孙彧的彧。

金金:嗯,看来孙彧也是,这个名字也是包含了孙彧的父母对她的一片期望。那除此之外呢那我们一般还会有很多的小名,那小名也是有非常,有很多时候是非常有意思的。那比方说在中国的农村,很多时候他们有了大名,还要起个小名。那这个小名呢很多时候是因为,比方说男孩子,那生下来的时候可能因为某些原因,那他们的身体会很瘦弱,然后身体不太健康,那这个时候他们就希望可以给他一个非常非常很贱的名字,比方说狗剩。

Jency:还有铁蛋,铁蛋actually means steel egg, so it’s very strong. 因为孩子出生的时候身体可能不是很好,因此为了他以后呢能够健康地快乐地成长呢,茁壮地成长,他的父母呢给他的小名起名叫铁蛋。

金金:刚才孙彧已经忍不住了,真的是这种小名呢是非常有意思的。我曾经呢就见到,很,一个四十多岁的中年人看起来非常严肃,但是他的母亲却仍然会叫他铁蛋儿,或者是狗剩,那然后真的是非常有意思。那其实这种小名呢就是非正式的名字,那大名呢就是正式的名字,在很多正式的场合会起这样的名字。那还有很多时候,那,像恋人之间有的时候会起很多的那种名字,很甜蜜的名字、爱称。那比方说有的,现在很多的男孩子呢非常喜欢叫自己的女朋友为宝宝,means baby.

Jency:Yes, it means honey, sweet heart.我 觉得呢,这是一个非常好的现象,因此,因为呢如果叫宝宝或是宝贝儿会拉近两个恋人彼此之间的距离。

金金:那很多时候呢也是因为中国女生更希望能够得到男生的这种保护与这种宠爱,所以说我们很多时候喜欢男孩子男朋友叫我们做宝宝。那好的,非常感谢您收听今天的Talk about China聊聊中国,我是主持人金金。

Jency:我是co-host Jency,孙彧。

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